System and method of forming a roadway comprising polyurethane

ABSTRACT

A method of forming a roadway is provided comprising providing a reclaimer-stabilizer machine, providing in-situ soil materials, forming a base layer using the reclaimer-stabilizer machine, forming a wear layer over the base layer, and wherein the wear layer comprises a polyurethane composition in addition to the in-situ materials. In some embodiments the roadway is comprised of a single layer comprising a polyurethane material. In other embodiments a method of forming a roadway comprising cured asphalt composite is provided.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to commonly-owned U.S.Provisional Patent Applications No. 61/601,018, filed on Feb. 20, 2012,No. 61/619,430, filed on Apr. 3, 2012, and No. 61/700,338, filed on Sep.13, 2012. All of the above-identified patent applications are hereinincorporated by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of road building,and more specifically to a system and method of forming a roadway usingreclaimer-stabilizer machines in combination with polyurethane basedmaterials.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Roadways made of concrete, asphalt, and compacted soil are subject toextreme stresses from thermal cycling, vehicular traffic, and UVexposure which eventually lead to defects in the roadway such as cracksand potholes. Concrete roadways require large amounts of heavy rawmaterials to be transported to the road building site, which isprohibitively expensive for roads placed in remote locations for accessto mines, oil and gas pipelines, logging sites and the like. Asphalt maybe used for applications that require a high level of durability, butthe cost of transporting the heavy raw materials needed for this systemis prohibitively expensive for many applications.

Reclaimer-stabilizer machines are typically used to prepare new surfacematerials from existing road beds by pulverizing the road bed materialand compacting the remaining soil. These machines may include rotatingcutting assemblies, scrapers, augers and other systems designed topulverize, reclaim, compact, and otherwise stabilize untreated in-situsoil materials or an existing roadbed. Within the context of thisdisclosure, “in-situ soil materials” refer to any pre-existing earthenmaterials such as sand, dust, clay, rock, and other earthen materialsthat are pre-existing at the site of road formation and which have notbeen transported thereto.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Provided herein is a roadway comprising a base layer of compactedin-situ material and wear layer layer disposed on the base layer whereinthe wear layer comprises a liquid-applied polyurethane material. In someembodiments the base layer comprises a liquid-applied polyurethanematerial.

Further provided herein is a method of forming a stabilized roadway, themethod comprising pulverizing in-situ soil using a reclaimer-stabilizermachine, spraying a liquid polyurethane composition into the pulverizedsoil, and compacting the combined mixture to form a roadway. In someembodiments the liquid polyurethane is supplied from a pug mill attacheddirectly to the reclaimer-stabilizer machine. In other embodiments thepug mill is provided in proximity to the reclaimer-stabilizer machineand connected in order to supply liquid polyurethane to the dispensingportions of the reclaimer-stabilizer machine.

Also provided herein is a method of forming a roadway, the methodcomprising providing an existing asphalt or concrete roadway,pulverizing the asphalt or concrete surface into rubble, mixing therubble with a polyurethane mixture to form a slurry, pressing the slurryonto a foundation layer of soil and allowing the slurry to cure, whereinthe polyurethane mixture comprises a liquid polyurethane and a heatstabilizer.

These and other embodiments are described further below with referenceto the figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional asphalt paving systemin accordance with certain embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a polyurethane based paving systemin accordance with certain embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a process for making a polyurethane basedroadway in accordance with certain embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a process for making a reinforced polyurethaneroadway in accordance with certain embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a cross-section view of a polyurethane based paving system inaccordance with certain embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a cross-section view of a polyurethane based paving system inaccordance with certain embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. Thepresent invention may be practiced without some or all of these specificdetails. In other instances, well known process operations have not beendescribed in detail to not unnecessarily obscure the present invention.While the invention will be described in conjunction with specificembodiments, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit theinvention to the embodiments.

Introduction

Asphalt concrete is widely used as a paving material for roadways,airport runways, parking lots and other paving applications. Standardasphalt concrete comprises a composite of a bitumen binder and a mineralaggregate such as stone, gravel, or sand, and comprises a rough topsurface that. Asphalt concrete paving systems are subjected to a varietyof stressors that can cause degradation of the paving system over time.For example, asphalt concrete applications are used in widely varyinggeographic regions, subjecting them to a broad range of temperatures,and in some regions, extreme thermal cycling. Particularly in hottemperatures, asphalt paving systems may be particularly susceptible todeformation and migration due to the impressionability of the bitumenbinder. UV exposure and oxidation are also common stressors on asphaltconcrete paving systems that are disposed on light-facing surfaces andthat are exposed to open air. Petroleum erosion is also commonlyencountered which is caused by spilling of petroleum products such asoil from vehicles onto the asphalt concrete, which can furtheraccelerate the degradation of the paving system through corrosion of thebitumen binder that holds the asphalt concrete intact. Vehicular trafficcan also be a significant stressor on asphalt concrete paving systemswherein the paving system starts to exhibit fatigue from repeatedloading over time and loss of matrix from tire friction, particularly inapplications such as airport tarmacs and racing tracks.

Stressors as described above can cause severe damage to asphalt concretepaving systems which may appear in various forms. For example, damagemay appear in the form of an aperture such as a hole, crack, or gap.Apertures in paving systems require expensive and labor intensiverepairs to prevent exacerbation of the damage as well as damage tovehicles or other equipment that utilize the paving system. Damage tothe surface of the paving system can allow infiltration of water orother materials to the underlying foundation layers and compromise thestructural integrity of the paving system. For example, water may shiftthe ground soil of the underlying layers or may cause degradation ofunderlying metallic structural components.

Conventional asphalt concrete paving methods and repair work isperformed at high temperatures and present a multitude of emissionsissues. For example, an aperture in a roadway, such as a hole, crack, orgap, is typically repaired using a tar or hot pour bituminous liquidwhich is commonly transferred at 150° C. (300° F.). Alternatively, thetar or hot pour bituminous liquid is mixed with diesel or kerosene fortransport which then must be filtered out prior to application and isoften subsequently disposed of, creating unnecessary waste. This type ofrepair work is expensive and labor intensive, and may need to berepeated often in areas where stressors are particularly burdensome onasphalt paving. The repair materials also typically exhibit a differentcolor profile than the underlying asphalt concrete, resulting in anaesthetically unattractive paving application.

Moreover, concrete roadways require large quantities of heavy rawmaterials to be transported to the site of road building, which isprohibitively expensive if the road is to be placed in a remote locationfor access to mines, oil & gas pipelines, logging sites and the like.Asphalt is suitable for applications that require a high level ofdurability, but the cost of transporting the heavy raw aggregate andbituminous materials needed for this system is prohibitively expensivefor “low vehicle” or secondary road applications.

Mechanical and chemical properties of the surface of conventionalasphalt concrete paving systems pose risks to vehicles traveling thereonif the surface is left untreated. For example, conventional asphaltconcrete paving systems comprise rough surfaces due to the compositionof the asphalt. The roughness of the surface can be somewhat mitigatedby utilization of mineral aggregate of a particular sizes. For example,a somewhat smoother surface may be achieved by utilization of a finemineral aggregate as opposed to large-sized, jagged mineral aggregate.However, even with the use of fine mineral aggregate, the surface isrough and the asphalt concrete pavement is susceptible to issues such asdeformation and loss of matrix which can cause wear on the tires ofvehicles that travel on the surface. Tire replacement accounts for alarge portion of operating costs in many industries such as commercialtransport industries and racing industries. Other hazards are posed bythe surface of conventional asphalt concrete paving systems, such asrisk of hydroplaning in wet conditions due to the slick surface of thepavement. Loss of matrix, such as dislodging of loose mineral aggregate,can also cause damage vehicles by striking vehicles traveling on thesurface. The rough surface can additionally make ice removal difficultas ice gets lodged in grooves of the rough topography of the surface ofthe pavement which can exacerbate dangerous travel conditions.

Roadway Formation

Base Layer

Reclaimer-stabilizer machines are typically used to prepare new surfacematerials from existing road beds by pulverizing the road bed materialand compacting the remaining soil. These machines may include rotatingcutting assemblies, scrapers, augers and other systems designed topulverize, reclaim, compact, and otherwise stabilize untreated in-situsoil materials or an existing roadbed. Example reclaimer-stabilizermachines are made by Terex® with Model No.'s R350 and R446 for smallerjobs with cut depths below 10 inches, and Model No. RS950B for roadwayswith up to a 20 inch cut depth, suitable for forming more durable baselayers in accordance with embodiments of the inventions. Within thecontext of this disclosure, “in-situ soil materials” refer to anypre-existing earthen materials such as sand, dust, clay, rock, and otherearthen materials that are pre-existing at the site of road formationand which have not been transported thereto.

In one embodiment of the invention, a reclaimer-stabilizer machine isdeployed to a site where road formation is desired. Thereclaimer-stabilizer machine is engaged to form a base layer comprisingin-situ soil materials by pulverizing, cutting, and/or scraping thein-situ soil materials and then compacting them into a dense or“stabilized” soil layer. Typically the base layer will be formed at 12inches to 20 inches deep in the in-situ soil material. In someembodiments, the step of pulvering includes spraying a polyurethanecomposition into the soil materials at a ratio of 30 parts of in-situsoil material to 1 part liquid polyurethane, or a 30:1 weight ratio ofsoil to polyurethane. The inventors have found that a relatively highratio of 30:1 of soil to polyurethane optimizes the cost of the baselayer while providing an increased level of stabilization, or “R-value,”to the in-situ soil materials compared with a stabilized soil systemthat contains polyurethane.

Within the context of this disclosure, “R-value” is calculated usingCalifornia Test 301, published March, 2000 by the Department ofTransportation for the State of California, and which is incorporatedherein by reference in it's entirety. In relevant part, CA Test 301states, “The R-value of a material is determined when the material is ina state of saturation such that water will be exuded from the compactedtest specimen when a 16.8 kN load (2.07 MPa) is applied. Since it is notalways possible to prepare a test specimen that will exude water at thespecified load, it is necessary to test a series of specimens preparedat different moisture contents.” Further details related to R-valuetesting can be found in Chapter 600 of the California Highway DesignManual.

Lower ratios of soil to polyurethane may be used to increase the levelof stabilization, or R-value, as desired, for example 25:1, 22:1, or20:1 ratios of soil to polyurethane provide increasing stability of thebase layer soil. Typically however, base layers should employ ratios ofgreater than 22:1 for applications that will receive an additional wearlayer on top of the base layer.

After formation of the base layer a wear layer is added on top of thebase layer. Optionally, the base layer is allowed to cure beforeaddition of the wear layer. Curing times for base layers comprisingpolyurethane are typically 8 hours to 48 hours depending on the moisturecontent and packing density of the base layer. The base layer may alsobe comprised of asphalt, cement, fly ash, or other materials commonlyused to improve soil stabilization, and optionally may be givensufficient time for these materials to cure before the wear layer isadded.

Wear Layer

A wear layer may be formed over the base layer using areclaimer-stabilizer machine and adjusting it to form shallower cut thanused to form the base layer described above. Although a base layer istypically formed at 12 inches to 20 inches thick, a wear layer may be inthe range of 1 to 8 inches thick, preferably 4 inches thick in someembodiments. The reclaimer-stabilizer is adjusted as appropriate to makea shallower cut into the base layer at the desired thickness, forexample 4 inches deep, and a liquid polyurethane mixture is appliedduring this process using spray heads in the reclaimer-stabilizermachine. The inventors have found that a preferred method of supplyingliquid polyurethane to the reclaimer-stabilizer machine by way of a pugmill mixer in order to keep the polyurethane well mixed and capable ofbeing readily dispensed as needed. In certain embodiments, the pug millmixer is built-in or attached to the reclaimer-stabilizer tool. In otherembodiments, the pug mill mixer is a separate system that suppliesliquid polyurethane to the reclaimer-stabilizer machine and may be towedbehind or transported in a separate vehicle. A preferred embodiment ofpug mill mixer is a double shaft mixer with auger system, as commonlyknown in the art.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional asphalt paving system100 in accordance with certain embodiments. The asphalt paving system100 comprises a mineral aggregate 102 and a polyurethane binder 104. Theasphalt paving system further comprises an aperture 106 or disruption inthe surface of the asphalt paving system 100.

A reinforced or sealed paving system alleviates the roadway damage andtire wear issues described above, making the surface smoother andsubstantially preventing damage to the roadway from stressors suchthermal cycling, UV exposure, oxidation, petroleum based erosion, andvehicular traffic as described above. The polyurethane sealing materialof the present invention provides increased skid resistance and a highwet coefficient of friction to reduce risk of hydroplaning in wetconditions. The smoothed topographical surface of the present inventionalso improves the noise characteristics of the bituminous pathway andimproves ride quality. Sealing and reinforcement of the bituminouspathway decreases matrix loss, which decreases damage to vehicles due tobattering by loose mineral aggregate. Ice removal is also made easierthrough implementation of the smoother topographical surface.

An asphalt concrete paving system may be sealed using apolyurethane-based sealing material that coats a top surface of thepaving system. In certain embodiments, the sealing material may beapplied by spraying a polyurethane mixture on the top surface of anasphalt concrete paving system to create a sealed bituminous pathway.FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a stabilized roadway 200 inaccordance with certain embodiments. The stabilized roadway 200comprises a base layer 208 comprising mineral aggregate 202 and ain-situ soil materials 204. An aperture 206 is disposed in the baselayer 208. A sealing layer 210 is disposed on the base layer 208substantially covering a top surface of the base layer and filling thespace of the aperture. The top surface of the sealing layer 210comprises a substantially continuous and uniform topography in contrastto the top layer of the base layer 208 which comprises a jagged anddisrupted topography.

In the same or other embodiments, a reinforced paving system may beprovided wherein an existing asphalt concrete paving system ispulverized to form bituminous rubble and mixed with a polyurethanemixture to create a slurry. The slurry may then be distributed over atreated or untreated foundation and allowed to cure. In addition toproviding a more structurally sound paving structure, these embodimentsalso provide a method of recycling existing asphalt paving. Recycling orreclaiming existing asphalt paving eliminates the need to acquire newmineral aggregate, saving money, reducing use of natural resources, andeliminating the need to landfill the asphalt waste. When reclamation iscompleted on site, transportation costs are also greatly reduced due toelimination of the need to ship in additional aggregate and the need tohaul the removed asphalt paving material to a landfill.

Reclamation and recycling of paving systems that may otherwise be throwninto landfills or burned may lead to opportunities for acquisition ofcarbon credits for the parties involved in the installation and upkeepof the paving system. The use of a polyurethane sealing material as asealing agent or repair agent reduces the amount of environmentallydetrimental emissions that are commonly associated with standard pavinginstallation and repair techniques and with replacement of existingpaving systems. Emission reduction efforts associated with the use ofpolyurethane sealing materials may also provide the opportunity foracquisition of carbon credits.

The polyurethane sealing material of the present invention may be usedin combination with other carbon credit programs. For example,polyurethane sealing materials may be used in combination withbioasphalts in certain embodiments. Bioasphalts may include asphaltconcrete comprising bitumen made from sugar, molasses, rice, cornstarch, potato starch, or from the fractional distillation of motor oil.Bioasphalts provide additional benefits in that they exhibit a varietyof colors depending on the embodiment. Generally, surfaces with alighter color absorb less heat than those of darker color. Bioasphaltsare used, for example, in areas that are prone to the urban heat islandeffect in an effort to decrease the heat absorbed by the surface. Use ofpolyurethane sealing materials in combination with bioasphalts mayprovide the opportunity for the acquisition of additional carboncredits.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating various operations of process 300for making a sealed bituminous pathway in accordance with certainembodiments. Process 300 may start with providing a bituminous pathwayin operation 302. Process 300 may proceed with applying a polyurethanemixture on a top surface of the bituminous pathway in operation 304. Incertain embodiments, the step of applying a polyurethane mixture on atop surface of the bituminous pathway may comprise spraying thepolyurethane mixture on the top surface of the bituminous pathway usingan airless sprayer to form a continuous and uniform surface. In otherembodiments, the step of applying a polyurethane mixture on a topsurface of the bituminous pathway may comprise pouring the polyurethanemixture on the top surface of the bituminous pathway and spreading thepolyurethane mixture on the top surface to form a substantiallycontinuous and uniform surface. Process 300 may proceed by allowing thepolyurethane mixture to cure to form a sealing layer in operation 306.Optionally, the step of allowing the polyurethane mixture to cure maycomprise using artificial means to speed curing time, for examplethrough the use of air streams or application of heat. Optionally, astep of applying additional surface texturing may be employed at thesame time or before the step of allowing the polyurethane mixture tocure.

In certain embodiments, a reinforced bituminous pavement may befabricated by recycling an existing asphalt paving system. For example,an existing asphalt paving system may be reclaimed on site and theasphalt concrete pulverized to form bituminous rubble of a desired sizeand consistency. The rubble may then be mixed with a polyurethanemixture to create a slurry which may then be applied to a foundation andallowed to cure. The polyurethane acts as a binder for the reclaimedrubble. Reclamation of the asphalt concrete may be followed byimmediately pulverizing the material and mixing the polyurethanematerial on site using a mobile reclaimer and a mobile mixer. Thepolyurethane mixture in a reinforced bituminous pavement may cover anarea of 20 to 50 square feet per gallon, such as 20 to 30 square feetper gallon.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating various operations of process 400for making a reinforced bituminous pavement in accordance with certainembodiments. Process 400 may start with providing a cured asphaltconcrete composite in operation 402. Process 400 may proceed withpulverizing the cured asphalt concrete composite into bituminous rubblein operation 404. Optionally, the step of pulverizing the cured asphaltconcrete composite into rubble may be preceded by a step of removing thecured asphalt concrete composite from a foundation. Process 400 mayproceed with mixing the bituminous rubble with a polyurethane mixture toform a slurry in operation 406. Process 400 may proceed with pressingthe slurry onto a paving foundation layer in operation 408. Optionally,process 408 may be preceded by a step of treating the paving foundationin preparation for application of the slurry. The optional step oftreating a foundation may comprise smoothing or leveling of a soil layerand/or application of a gravel base layer. Process 400 may proceed withallowing the slurry to cure in operation 410. Optionally, the step ofallowing the slurry to cure may comprise using artificial means to speedcuring time, for example through the use of air streams or applicationof heat. Optionally, a step of applying additional surface texturing maybe employed at the same time or before the step of allowing the slurryto cure.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a polyurethane based paving systemin accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. The pavingsystem 500 comprises a mineral aggregate 502, and small particulates ofin-situ soil 503 such as sand, dust, dirt and the like. A polyurethanebinder 501 is employed to improve the R-value and stability of theroadway. In this embodiment, a single pass is used to form roadway 500and no wear layer is required.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a polyurethane based paving systemin accordance with certain embodiments of the invention. The pavingsystem 600 comprises a mineral aggregate 603, combined with smallparticulates of in-situ soil 602 such as sand, dust, dirt and the like.A polyurethane binder 601 is employed to improve the R-value andstability of base layer 604 of the roadway. In this embodiment, twoseparate layers of the roadway are formed using the reclaimer-stabilizermachine, base layer 604 and wear layer 608. Wear layer 608 is typicallythinner than base layer 604, and is used to improve the resistance ofthe roadway to vehicular traffic. The base layer may be formed

Polyurethane Mixture

The polyurethane mixture of the present invention comprise liquidpolyurethane, a heat stabilizer, and a filler material in certainembodiments. Other additives may include catalysts, dyes, pigments,surfactants, plasticizers, solvents, blowing agents, dispersants, crosslinkers, flame retardants, light stabilizers, acid scavengers,antistatic agents, and antioxidants. The polyurethane mixture andapplication techniques will be discussed in further detail below.

Polyurethane is formed from the reaction of a monomeric or polymericisocyanate with a polyol. In certain embodiments, prior to curing, thepolyurethane sealing material of the present invention may comprise aliquid polyurethane formed from monomeric MDI or polymeric MDI. MDIpolyurethanes, when used in the present invention, have been found tohave favorable thermal stability as well as favorable combustioncharacteristics. Additionally, MDI polyurethanes in the presentinvention exhibit excellent adhesion to both concrete and steel. Thebasic structures of monomeric MDI and polymeric MDI are shown below.

The liquid polyurethane may further be derived from a polyol selectedbased on preferred viscosity and elasticity traits. For example,incorporation of a linear difunctional polyethylene glycol (polyetherpolyol) may result in the production of a polyurethane that is softerand more elastic while a polyfunctional polyol will result in a harderand less elastic polyurethane. A table of suitable polyols andisocyanates that may be used in accordance with certain embodiments ofthe invention is included below.

TABLE 1 Component and Amount Sol- Cata- Isocy- Isocy- vent lyst anateanate Wt Wt 1 2 Solvent % Catalyst % Isocyanate 1 Wt % Isocyanate 2 Wt %Dimethyl Carbonate 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (DMC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%)Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 DesmodurN3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (DMC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (DMC) hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95(DMC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.9 (DMC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Dimethyl Carbonate 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (DMC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 49.95 (DMC) hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 49.9(DMC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 49.85 (DMC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.2 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 49.8 (DMC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (DMC) ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(DMC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.85 (DMC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (DMC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (DMC) ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.85 (DMC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.95 (DMC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 (DMC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 (DMC) ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8(DMC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.95 (DMC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.9 (DMC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.85 (DMC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.95 (DMC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.9 (DMC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.85 (DMC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 49.95 (DMC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.9 (DMC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.85 (DMC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.8 (DMC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) DimethylCarbonate 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.95 (DMC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(DMC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85(DMC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95(DMC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(DMC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85(DMC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95(DMC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9(DMC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85(DMC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.2 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8(DMC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.95 (DMC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(DMC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.85 (DMC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.95 (DMC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(DMC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.85 (DMC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl29.95 (DMC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9(DMC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl29.85 (DMC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.2 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8(DMC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (DMC)polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (DMC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (DMC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (DMC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (DMC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (DMC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 (DMC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 (DMC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 (DMC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Dimethyl Carbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.2polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 (DMC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (PC) hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(PC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) PropyleneCarbonate 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.85 (PC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Propylene Carbonate 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (PC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (PC) hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85(PC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) PropyleneCarbonate 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.95 (PC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Propylene Carbonate 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 (PC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 (PC) hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8(PC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) PropyleneCarbonate 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.95 (PC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Propylene Carbonate 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (PC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (PC) ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.95 (PC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) PropyleneCarbonate 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.9 (PC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Propylene Carbonate 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (PC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 (PC) ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9(PC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) PropyleneCarbonate 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.85 (PC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Propylene Carbonate 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 (PC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (PC) isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (PC) isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (PC) isocyanate(NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (PC)isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyltin dilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (PC)isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyltin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (PC)isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20 dibutyltin dilaurate 0.05 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 (PC)isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20 dibutyltin dilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 (PC)isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20 dibutyltin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 (PC)isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20 dibutyltin dilaurate 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 (PC)isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95(PC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 24) Propylene Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(PC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 24) Propylene Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85(PC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 24) Propylene Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95(PC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 24) Propylene Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(PC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 24) Propylene Carbonate 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85(PC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95(PC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9(PC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85(PC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.2 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8(PC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.95 (PC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(PC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.85 (PC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.95 (PC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(PC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.85 (PC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl29.95 (PC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9(PC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl29.85 (PC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.2 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8(PC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (PC)polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (PC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (PC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (PC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (PC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (PC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 (PC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 (PC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 (PC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Propylene Carbonate 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.2polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 (PC) polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoride hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo-0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9Chlorobenzotrifluoride hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoride hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo-0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95Chlorobenzotrifluoride hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 Chlorobenzotrifluoride hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo-0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85Chlorobenzotrifluoride hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4) p- 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoride hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 N,N-demethylcyclo-0.1 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9Chlorobenzotrifluoride hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4) p- 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoride hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 N,N-demethylcyclo-0.2 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8Chlorobenzotrifluoride hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4) p- 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoride ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9Chlorobenzotrifluoride ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4) p- 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoride ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoride ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4) p- 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 Chlorobenzotrifluoride ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoride ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4) p- 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoride ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9Chlorobenzotrifluoride ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4 p- 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoride ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8Chlorobenzotrifluoride ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4) p- 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoride isocyanate (NCO32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 DesmodurN3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 Chlorobenzotrifluoride isocyanate(NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 Chlorobenzotrifluorideisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95Chlorobenzotrifluoride isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4)p- 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.9 Chlorobenzotrifluoride isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4) p- 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoride isocyanate (NCO32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 Chlorobenzotrifluorideisocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9Chlorobenzotrifluoride isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4)p- 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoride isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF)Functionality 2.4) p- 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 Chlorobenzotrifluoride isocyanate (NCO32%, (PCBTF) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoridehexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 Chlorobenzotrifluoridehexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoridehexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoridehexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 Chlorobenzotrifluoridehexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoridehexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoridehexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 Chlorobenzotrifluoridehexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoridehexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.2polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 Chlorobenzotrifluoridehexylamine polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 Chlorobenzotrifluorideethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 Chlorobenzotrifluorideethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 Chlorobenzotrifluorideethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 Chlorobenzotrifluorideethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 Chlorobenzotrifluorideethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 Chlorobenzotrifluorideethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 Chlorobenzotrifluorideethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 Chlorobenzotrifluorideethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 Chlorobenzotrifluorideethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.2polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 Chlorobenzotrifluorideethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoridepolyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 Chlorobenzotrifluoridepolyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoridepolyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoridepolyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 Chlorobenzotrifluoridepolyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoridepolyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 Chlorobenzotrifluoridepolyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 Chlorobenzotrifluoridepolyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 Chlorobenzotrifluoridepolyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) p- 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.2polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 Chlorobenzotrifluoridepolyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (PCBTF) (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95(BTF) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (BTF) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 DesmodurN3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (BTF) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (BTF) hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(BTF) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (BTF) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 DesmodurN3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 (BTF) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 (BTF) hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85(BTF) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 (BTF) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (BTF) ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9(BTF) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (BTF) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 24) Benzotrifluoride 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 DesmodurN3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (BTF) ethylether isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (BTF) ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.85 (BTF) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 (BTF) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 DesmodurN3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 (BTF) ethylether isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 (BTF) ethyletherisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Benzotrifluoride 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8(BTF) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (BTF) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (BTF) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (BTF) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (BTF) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (BTF) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (BTF) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Benzotrifluoride 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 (BTF) isocayanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Benzotrifluoride 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 (BTF) isocayanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Benzotrifluoride 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 (BTF) isocayanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Benzotrifluoride 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 (BTF) isocayanate (NCO 32%, Functionality2.4) Benzotrifluoride 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (BTF) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (BTF) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (BTF) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 N,N-demethylcyclo 0.05 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (BTF) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (BTF) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (BTF) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 (BTF) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 (BTF) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 (BTF) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.2 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 (BTF) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (BTF) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (BTF) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (BTF) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (BTF) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (BTF) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (BTF) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 (BTF) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 (BTF) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 (BTF) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.2 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 (BTF) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanateisocayanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (BTF) polyphenyl isocyanate isocayanate(NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (BTF) polyphenyl isocyanate isocayanate(NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (BTF) polyphenyl isocyanate isocayanate(NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 (BTF) polyphenyl isocyanate isocayanate(NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 (BTF) polyphenyl isocyanate isocayanate(NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 (BTF) polyphenyl isocyanate isocayanate(NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 (BTF) polyphenyl isocyanate isocayanate(NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 (BTF) polyphenyl isocyanate isocayanate(NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 (BTF) polyphenyl isocyanate isocayanate(NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Benzotrifluoride 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.2 polymethylene 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 (BTF) polyphenyl isocyanate isocayanate(NCO 32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.95 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.9 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 DesmodurN3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 acetate (TBAC) hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95acetate (TBAC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.9 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 DesmodurN3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 acetate (TBAC) hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95acetate (TBAC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.9 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 DesmodurN3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 acetate (TBAC) hexylamineisocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8acetate (TBAC) hexylamine isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 acetate (TBAC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 acetate (TBAC)ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.85 acetate (TBAC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 acetate (TBAC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 acetate (TBAC)ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.85 acetate (TBAC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 acetate (TBAC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 acetate (TBAC)ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl29.85 acetate (TBAC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 20 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 acetate (TBAC) ethylether isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 acetate (TBAC)isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 acetate(TBAC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 dibutyltin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85acetate (TBAC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 Desmodur N3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.95 acetate (TBAC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 acetate (TBAC) isocyanate (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.15 DesmodurN3400 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 acetate (TBAC) isocyanate (NCO32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20 dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 acetate (TBAC)isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.1 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 acetate(TBAC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20 dibutyltin dilaurate 0.15 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85acetate (TBAC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.2 Desmodur N3400 50 polymethylene polyphenyl29.8 acetate (TBAC) isocyanate (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.95 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.9 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.85 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.95 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.9 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylenepolyphenyl 59.85 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.05 polymethylene 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.95 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.1 polymethylene 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.9 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.15 polymethylene 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.85 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 20 N,N-demethylcyclo- 0.2 polymethylene 50 polymethylenepolyphenyl 29.8 acetate (TBAC) hexylamine polyphenyl isocyanateisocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)Tertiary-butyl 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 30polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 acetate (TBAC) ethylether polyphenylisocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4 Tertiary-butyl 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 acetate (TBAC) ethyletherpolyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7)Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 2,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 acetate (TBAC)ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.95 acetate (TBAC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO32%, (NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9acetate (TBAC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%,(NCO 32% Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 102,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.85 acetate (TBAC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.05 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl29.95 acetate (TBAC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.1 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9acetate (TBAC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%,(NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.15 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl29.85 acetate (TBAC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO32%, (NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 202,2′-dimorpholinodi- 0.2 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8acetate (TBAC) ethylether polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%,(NCO 32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10dibutyl tin dilaurate 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl59.95 acetate (TBAC) polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO32%, Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 acetate(TBAC) polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 acetate(TBAC) polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.05 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.95 acetate(TBAC) polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.1 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.9 acetate(TBAC) polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 10 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.15 polymethylene 30 polymethylene polyphenyl 59.85 acetate(TBAC) polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.05 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.95 acetate(TBAC) polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.1 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.9 acetate(TBAC) polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.15 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.85 acetate(TBAC) polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4) Tertiary-butyl 20 dibutyl tindilaurate 0.2 polymethylene 50 polymethylene polyphenyl 29.8 acetate(TBAC) polyphenyl isocyanate isocyanate (NCO 32%, (NCO 32%,Functionality 2.7) Functionality 2.4)

The polyurethane sealing material may further comprise a heat stabilizerto prevent degradation of the polyurethane at high temperatures. Heatstabilizers may include inorganic heat stabilizers, halogenated organicheat stabilizers, nitrogen-based heat stabilizers or combinationsthereof. In certain preferred embodiments, the polyurethane sealingmaterial may comprise an inorganic heat stabilizer selected from thegroup comprising aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, antimonytrioxide, antimony pentoxide, sodium antimonite, zinc borate, zincstannate, zinc hydrostannate, red phosphorous, ammonium polyphosphateand combinations thereof. In a specific embodiment, the polyurethanesealing material may comprise antimony pentoxide. The polyurethanesealing material may comprise a heat stabilizer in a range of 1-10 wt.%, such as 2-5 wt. % and more specifically 2-3%.

The polyurethane sealing material may also comprise a filler material.This filler material may increase the tensile strength and resistance toabrasive wear of the cured polyurethane sealing material whiledecreasing the overall cost. In certain embodiments, the polyurethanesealing material may comprise filler materials such as fused silica,carbon black, mica, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxideor combinations thereof. In the same or other certain embodiments, thefiller material may comprise recycled polyurethane from excessindustrial production. In the same or other embodiments, the fillermaterial may comprise a filler made from recycled carpet material. Usedcarpet materials take up significant space in landfills. Incorporationof recycled carpet materials into the polyurethane sealing material mayprovide opportunities for acquisition of carbon credits.

Additives may be used to manipulate the viscoelastic properties of thepolyurethane mixture in accordance with preferences for specificapplications. For example, polyurethane mixtures with lower viscosityvalues may be preferred in applications with particularly rough surfacesor surfaces with high penetration depth requirements. In contrast,polyurethane mixtures with higher viscosity values may be preferred inapplications where the polyurethane sealant should remain on a top-mostsurface with little to no penetration into the underlying surface. Incertain embodiments, the polyurethane mixture may comprise a viscositybetween 1 and 1,000 SSU, or more specifically between 1 and 400 SSU, andeven more specifically between 1 and 250 SSU, such as 150 SSU at 78° F.

Curing times of the polyurethane mixture may be varied by incorporatingvarious additives into the polyurethane mixture or by varying thecomposition of the polyurethane, filler, and heat stabilizercombination. Curing time of the urethane may be between 4 and 48 hours,such as between 8 and 48 hours, or between 16 and 48 hours, or morespecifically between 20 and 30 hours. In certain embodiments, the curingtime of the polyurethane mixture may be increased by reducing the weightpercent of the catalyst used in formulation of the liquid polyurethane.Long curing times allow sufficient time for a full work day to becompleted with sufficient time remaining to clean and removepolyurethane mixture residue from application equipment such as pumps,containers, or other tools and/or from mixing equipment before thepolyurethane mixture cures. In certain specific embodiments, thepolyurethane of the present invention comprises between 24 wt. % and 34wt. % polyurethane with a viscosity between 20 and 100 centipoise at atemperature of 78° F., with a density of 10.1 lbs./gallon.

The polyurethane sealing material may comprise a catalyst to alter theproperties of the polyurethane mixture, such as the viscosity, thermalstability, and/or curing time. For example, the polyurethane sealingmaterial may comprise a trimerization catalyst to increase the thermalstability of the cured material. In certain embodiments, thepolyurethane sealing material may comprise one or more tertiary aminecatalyst and/or one or more organometallic catalyst. Examples of suchcatalysts include N-methyl morpholine, bismuth carboxylates,triethylenediamine, lead octoate, ferric acetylacetonate, stannousoctoate, dimethyltin dilaurate, dibutylin dilaurate, dibutyltin sulfide,which have been found to favorably operate on the MDI urethanes of thepresent invention. In certain embodiments, the polyurethane sealingmaterial may comprise one or more organometallic catalyst in a rangebetween 0.05 to 0.8 wt. %. In certain specific embodiments, thepolyurethane sealing material may be a single-pack, water curingpolymeric MDI urethane comprising a 2,2, dimorpholinodiethylethercatalyst in about 0.05 to 0.6 wt. %. In certain embodiments, thepolyurethane sealing material may comprise one or more tertiary aminecatalyst in a range from 0.1 to 0.4 wt. %.

One or more natural polyols (NOP) additives may be included in thepolyurethane mixture to decrease the viscosity of the mixture andimprove the ability of the mixture to disperse in the grooves of the topsurface of the bituminous pathway. Examples of suitable natural oilpolyols include polyols derived from soy bean oil, peanut oil, andcanola oil. Soy bean oil is a preferred polyol feed stock due to its lowenvironmental impact, availability, and cost. In certain embodiments ofthe present invention, it has been found that the performance of soypolyol in MDI polyurethane of the present invention is improved byhydroxylating a portion of the soy polyol prior to mixing with MDIpolyurethane. Example processes for hydroxylation include ozonolysis,air oxidation, autooxidation, and reaction with peroxy acids followed byreaction with nucleophiles to form hydroxyl groups on the soy polyols.Hydroxylating the soy polyol allows it to react with the MDIpolyurethane to provide increase strength and flexibility to the sealedbituminous pathway or reinforced bituminous pavement of the presentinvention, while the remaining, unreacted soy polyol acts as aplasticizer. In certain embodiments, the polyurethane mixture maycomprise 3 to 5 wt. % soy polyols. In other embodiments, thepolyurethane mixture may comprise 10 to 30 wt. % hydroxylated soypolyol, such as 15 to 30 wt. %, or more specifically such as 20 to 30wt. %, or even more specifically such as 25 to 30 wt. % hydroxylated soypolyols.

In certain embodiments, the polyurethane mixture may comprise one ormore chain extenders to modify the flexibility and tensile strength ofthe cured polyurethane sealing material. Chain extenders may be used tospeed up the reaction time as desired, for example, in cold environmentswhere the curing time may be depressed due to reduced temperatures.Examples of suitable chain extenders include low molecular weighthydroxyl compounds, such as ethylene glycol and butane diol, andpolyolamines such as amine terminated polyether, 2-methyl piperazine,bis(aminomethyl) cyclohexane and isomers, 1,5-diamino-3-methyl-pentane,amino ethyl piperazine ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, aminoethylethanolamine, triethylene tetraamine, isophorone diamine, triethylenepentaamine, ethanol amine, lysine in any of its stereoisomeric forms andsalts thereof, hexane diamine, hydrazine and piperazine which reactquickly with the isocyanate function groups in the aqueous phase, orcombinations thereof.

The color of the polyurethane sealing material may be varied through theuse of dyes or pigments or through selection of specific polyurethanestarting materials. For example, in certain embodiments, black polyolsmay be used to form polyurethane giving the resulting cured polyurethanea dark appearance. As discussed above, in general, lighter surface colorresults in lower absorption of heat across similar materials. Thepolyurethane material may be configured to be lighter in color forapplications in which high heat may be problematic.

Surfactants may be employed in certain embodiments to reduce foaming andincrease the density of the cured polyurethane sealing material toimprove the long term durability of the bituminous pathway. Suitablefoam stabilizing surfactants include sulfates, sulfosuccinamates, andsuccinamates, and other foam stabilizers known to be useful by those ofskill in the art. It has been determined that, in certain embodiments ofthe present invention, surfactants such as high molecular weightsilicone surfactants having an average molecular weight in excess of9,000 improve the wetting ability of the urethane and increase thesurface contact area of the polyurethane to the top surface of thebituminous pathway. Examples of surfactants may be found in U.S. Pat.No. 5,489,617, which is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety. Relevant sections may be found in col. 3-4 of theaforementioned disclosure. Other suitable surfactants that may beemployed to advantageously increase the wetting ability of the MDIpolyurethane to the bituminous pathway include cationic surfactants,anionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and non-ionicsurfactants. Examples of anionic surfactants include phosphates,carboxylates, and sulfonates. Examples of cationic surfactants includequaternary amines, and example non-ionic surfactants include siliconeoils and block copolymers containing ethylene oxide. Suitablesurfactants may be either external surfactants, which do not becomechemically reacted into the polymer such as dodecyl benzene sulfonicacid and lauryl sulfonic acid salts, as well as internal surfactantssuch as 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid and its salts, quaternizedammonium salts, and hydrophilic species such as polyethylene oxidepolyols.

In certain embodiments, the polyurethane sealing material may compriseone or more plasticizer to improve the wetting ability of thepolyurethane mixture to the top layer of the bituminous pathway. Incertain embodiments, the polyurethane sealing material may comprisebetween 1 and 10 wt. % plastizer. Suitable plasticizers includediisodecyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate,diisononyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, diethyl phthalate, andbis(n-butyl)phthalate. It has been found that, in certain embodiments ofthe present invention, biodegradable plasticizers may be employed toreduce the environmental impact of the material in comparison toembodiments comprising non-biodegradable plasticizers. Suitablebiodegradable plasticizers include triethyl citrate, acetyl triethylcitrate, tributyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, trioctyl citrate,acetyl trioctyl citrate, acetyl trihexyl citrate, trimethyl citrate, andalkyl sulphonic acid phenyl ester.

Other additives may be employed to vary the physical properties of thepolyurethane mixture and the cured polyurethane sealing material.Examples of other additives may include environmentally friendlysolvents to decrease viscosity or the polyurethane mixture, blowingagents, dispersants, cross linkers, light stabilizers such asultraviolet light absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers, acidscavengers, antistatic agents and antioxidants.

Methods of Making Paving Systems

As discussed above, polyurethane sealing materials may be used to coat atop surface of a bituminous pathway to create a sealed bituminouspathway or mixed with bituminous rubble to create a slurry which is thenallowed to cure to form a reinforced bituminous pavement, or used incombination with reclaimer-stabilizer machines to create a single ormultilayer roadway. Several of these techniques may be used alone or incombination to form a roadway. For example, a polyurethane mixture maybe spread over the surface by a pouring and smoothing technique. Incertain preferred embodiments, a polyurethane mixture may be applied toa top surface of a base layer by spraying the polyurethane mixture usingan airless sprayer. The polyurethane mixture may cover an area of thetop surface of the bituminous pathway in a range of 50 to 200 squarefeet per gallon, such as 100 to 150 square feet per gallon. Inembodiments in which an asphalt paving system comprises an aperture suchas a hole, crack or gap, the polyurethane mixture may be applied overthe top surface of the asphalt paving system without the need forfilling the aperture with other materials such as standard asphaltconcrete repair materials like tar or hot pour bituminous liquid. Thepolyurethane mixture may be applied such that the polyurethane mixturefills the aperture, or it may simply coat the surface of the aperture.

Conclusion

Although the foregoing concepts have been described in some detail forpurposes of clarity of understanding, it will be apparent that certainchanges and modifications may be practiced within the scope of theappended claims. It should be noted that there are many alternative waysof implementing the processes, systems, and apparatuses. Accordingly,the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and notrestrictive.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of forming a roadway comprising:providing a reclaimer-stabilizer machine; providing in-situ soilmaterials; providing a supply of liquid polyurethane; forming a baselayer using the reclaimer-stabilizer machine to pulverize and compactthe in-situ soil materials; forming a wear layer over the base layerusing the reclaimer-stabilizer machine, wherein the wear layer is formedby combining the in-situ soil materials with the liquid polyurethanecomposition; and allowing the liquid polyurethane to cure.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein the liquid polyurethane comprises an MDIpolyurethane.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of forming thebase layer further comprises combining the liquid MDI polyurethane withthe in-situ soil materials.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the wearlayer further comprises a reinforcing component selected from the groupcomprising basalt fibers, silica fibers, glass fibers, and polypropylenefibers.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the base layer furthercomprises a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting ofasphalt, fly ash, and cement.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the wearlayer further comprises a stabilizing component selected from a groupconsisting of basalt fibers, silica fibers, glass fibers andcombinations thereof.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquidpolyurethane further comprises a heat stabilizer selected from a groupconsisting of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, antimonytrioxide, antimony pentoxide, sodium antimonite, zinc borate, zincstannate, zinc hydrostannate, red phosphorous, ammonium polyphosphateand combinations thereof.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the heatstabilizer is antimony pentoxide.
 9. The method claim 7, wherein theliquid polyurethane comprises 2-5 weight percent heat stabilizer.
 10. Amethod of forming a roadway comprising: providing a reclaimer-stabilizermachine; providing in-situ soil materials; providing a supply of liquidpolyurethane; forming a base layer using the reclaimer-stabilizermachine to pulverize and compact the in-situ soil materials; forming awear layer over the base layer by spraying the liquid polyurethane on atop surface of the base layer; allowing the liquid polyurethane to cure.11. The method of claim 10, wherein the liquid polyurethane covers anarea of 50 to 200 square feet per gallon of the liquid polyurethane. 12.The method of claim 10, wherein the step of allowing the polyurethanemixture to cure takes between 8 and 40 hours.
 13. The method of claim10, wherein the polyurethane mixture comprises a viscosity of 20 to 100centipoise at 78 degrees Fahrenheit.
 14. A method of forming a roadway,the method comprising: providing a cured asphalt concrete composite;pulverizing the cured asphalt concrete composite into bituminous rubble;mixing the bituminous rubble with a polyurethane mixture to form aslurry; and pressing the slurry on a foundation layer; and allowing theslurry to cure; wherein the polyurethane mixture comprises: a liquidpolyurethane; a heat stabilizer; and a filler material.
 15. The methodof claim 14, wherein the polyurethane mixture covers an area of 20 to 50square feet per gallon.
 16. The method of claim 14, wherein thepolyurethane mixture covers an area of 20 to 30 square feet per gallon.17. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of allowing thepolyurethane mixture to cure takes between 8 and 40 hours.
 18. Themethod of claim 14, wherein the polyurethane mixture comprises aviscosity of 20 to 100 centipoise at 78 degrees Fahrenheit.
 19. A methodof forming a roadway comprising: providing a reclaimer-stabilizermachine; providing in-situ soil materials; providing a supply of liquidpolyurethane; forming a base layer using the reclaimer-stabilizermachine to pulverize and compact the in-situ soil materials wherein thebase layer is formed by combining the in-situ soil materials with theliquid polyurethane composition; allowing the liquid polyurethane tocure.
 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the polyurethane mixturecomprises a viscosity of 20 to 100 centipoise at 78 degrees Fahrenheit.21. The method of claim 19, wherein the polyurethane mixture comprises aviscosity of 20 to 100 centipoise at 78 degrees Fahrenheit.
 22. Themethod of claim 19, wherein the polyurethane mixture comprises aviscosity of 20 to 100 centipoise at 78 degrees Fahrenheit.
 23. Themethod of claim 19, wherein the polyurethane mixture comprises aviscosity of 20 to 100 centipoise at 78 degrees Fahrenheit.
 24. Themethod of claim 19, wherein the polyurethane mixture comprises aviscosity of 20 to 100 centipoise at 78 degrees Fahrenheit.
 25. Themethod of claim 19, wherein the polyurethane mixture comprises aviscosity of 20 to 100 centipoise at 78 degrees Fahrenheit.